| ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE | WCY 2012 | |||||||||
| STRENGTHS | Value | Rank | ||||||||
| Direct investment flows abroad ($bn) | 67.3 | 8 | ||||||||
| US$ billions | ||||||||||
| Direct investment flows inward ($bn) | 52.9 | 8 | ||||||||
| US$ billions | ||||||||||
| Exports of goods ($bn) | 522.0 | 9 | ||||||||
| US$ billions | ||||||||||
| Relocation of services | 5.8 | 11 | ||||||||
| is not a threat to the future of your economy (Survey) | ||||||||||
| Direct investment stocks abroad ($bn) | 433.7 | 13 | ||||||||
| US$ billions | ||||||||||
| Direct investment stocks inward ($bn) | 423.2 | 15 | ||||||||
| US$ billions | ||||||||||
| Current account balance (%) | 5.3 | 15 | ||||||||
| Percentage of GDP | ||||||||||
| Direct investment flows abroad (%) | 3.6 | 15 | ||||||||
| Percentage of GDP | ||||||||||
| Real GDP growth per capita | 3.9 | 17 | ||||||||
| Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices | ||||||||||
| Employment (%) | 49.5 | 19 | ||||||||
| Percentage of population | ||||||||||
| WEAKNESSES | ||||||||||
| Diversification of the economy (industries, export markets, etc.) | 2.8 | 58 | ||||||||
| is extensive (Survey) | ||||||||||
| Consumer price inflation | 8.4 | 56 | ||||||||
| Average annual rate | ||||||||||
| Tourism receipts (%) | 0.6 | 55 | ||||||||
| International tourism receipts as a percentage of GDP | ||||||||||
| Cost-of-living index | 118.7 | 54 | ||||||||
| Index of a basket of goods & services in major cities, including housing (New York City = 100) | ||||||||||
| Youth unemployment | 30.5 | 51 | ||||||||
| Percentage of youth labor force (under the age of 25) | ||||||||||
| Trade to GDP ratio | 26.6 | 50 | ||||||||
| (Exports + Imports) / (2 * GDP) | ||||||||||
| Exports of commercial services (%) | 2.9 | 49 | ||||||||
| Percentage of GDP | ||||||||||
| Resilience of the economy to economic cycles is | 4.0 | 45 | ||||||||
| strong (Survey) | ||||||||||
| Relocation of R&D facilities | 4.0 | 45 | ||||||||
| is not a threat to the future of your economy (Survey) | ||||||||||
| Direct investment stocks inward (%) | 28.4 | 41 | ||||||||
| Percentage of GDP | ||||||||||
| GOVERNMENT EFFICIENCY | WCY 2012 | |||||||||
| STRENGTHS | Value | Rank | ||||||||
| Employee's social security contribution rate | 0.0 | 1 | ||||||||
| Compulsory contribution as a percentage of an income equal to GDP per capita | ||||||||||
| Total general government debt (%) | 9.6 | 2 | ||||||||
| Percentage of GDP | ||||||||||
| Foreign currency reserves ($bn) | 499.5 | 3 | ||||||||
| US$ billions | ||||||||||
| Real personal taxes | 6.8 | 7 | ||||||||
| do not discourage people from working or seeking advancement (Survey) | ||||||||||
| Corporate tax rate on profit | 20.0 | 15 | ||||||||
| Maximum tax rate, calculated on profit before tax | ||||||||||
| Effective personal income tax rate | 12.4 | 18 | ||||||||
| Percentage of an income equal to GDP per capita | ||||||||||
| Exchange rate stability | 0.1 | 20 | ||||||||
| Parity change from national currency to SDR, 2011 / 2009 | ||||||||||
| Collected total tax revenues (%) | 23.4 | 21 | ||||||||
| Percentage of GDP | ||||||||||
| Unemployment legislation | 5.1 | 22 | ||||||||
| provides an incentive to look for work (Survey) | ||||||||||
| Government budget surplus/deficit (%) | -2.2 | 27 | ||||||||
| Percentage of GDP | ||||||||||
| WEAKNESSES | ||||||||||
| State ownership of enterprises | 3.1 | 59 | ||||||||
| is not a threat to business activities (Survey) | ||||||||||
| Bureaucracy | 0.7 | 59 | ||||||||
| does not hinder business activity (Survey) | ||||||||||
| Public sector contracts | 3.1 | 57 | ||||||||
| are sufficiently open to foreign bidders (Survey) | ||||||||||
| Bribing and corruption | 0.8 | 57 | ||||||||
| do not exist (Survey) | ||||||||||
| Personal security and private property rights | 2.7 | 56 | ||||||||
| are adequately protected (Survey) | ||||||||||
| Competition legislation | 3.1 | 56 | ||||||||
| is efficient in preventing unfair competition (Survey) | ||||||||||
| Ease of doing business is | 2.1 | 56 | ||||||||
| supported by regulations (Survey) | ||||||||||
| Equal opportunity legislation in your economy | 4.4 | 56 | ||||||||
| encourages economic development (Survey) | ||||||||||
| Customs' authorities | 2.4 | 55 | ||||||||
| do facilitate the efficient transit of goods (Survey) | ||||||||||
| Foreign investors | 4.3 | 55 | ||||||||
| are free to acquire control in domestic companies (Survey) | ||||||||||
| BUSINESS EFFICIENCY | WCY 2012 | |||||||||
| STRENGTHS | Value | Rank | ||||||||
| Unit labor costs in the manufacturing sector (%) | -12.4 | 2 | ||||||||
| Percentage change | ||||||||||
| Female labor force (%) | 48.9 | 4 | ||||||||
| Percentage of total labor force | ||||||||||
| Compensation levels ($) | 4.6 | 16 | ||||||||
| Total hourly compensation in manufacturing (wages + supplementary benefits), US$ | ||||||||||
| Labor force (%) | 53.0 | 16 | ||||||||
| Percentage of population | ||||||||||
| Remuneration of management ($) | 0.6 | 18 | ||||||||
| Total base salary plus bonuses and long-term incentives, US$ | ||||||||||
| Foreign high-skilled people | 6.0 | 22 | ||||||||
| are attracted to your country's business environment (Survey) | ||||||||||
| Remuneration in services professions ($) | 0.6 | 24 | ||||||||
| Gross annual income including supplements such as bonuses, US$ | ||||||||||
| Finance skills | 6.9 | 24 | ||||||||
| are readily available (Survey) | ||||||||||
| Stock market capitalization (%) | 67.5 | 29 | ||||||||
| Percentage of GDP | ||||||||||
| Skilled labor | 5.8 | 31 | ||||||||
| is readily available (Survey) | ||||||||||
| WEAKNESSES | ||||||||||
| Customer satisfaction | 5.6 | 59 | ||||||||
| is emphasized in companies (Survey) | ||||||||||
| Social responsibility of business leaders is | 3.7 | 59 | ||||||||
| high (Survey) | ||||||||||
| Small and medium-size enterprises | 3.6 | 59 | ||||||||
| are efficient by international standards (Survey) | ||||||||||
| Health, safety & environmental concerns | 3.5 | 58 | ||||||||
| are adequately addressed by management (Survey) | ||||||||||
| Ethical practices | 3.4 | 58 | ||||||||
| are implemented in companies (Survey) | ||||||||||
| Productivity of companies | 3.6 | 58 | ||||||||
| is supported by global strategies (supplies, offshoring, outsourcing) (Survey) | ||||||||||
| Corporate boards | 4.0 | 57 | ||||||||
| do supervise the management of companies effectively (Survey) | ||||||||||
| Shareholders' rights | 4.2 | 57 | ||||||||
| are sufficiently implemented (Survey) | ||||||||||
| Brain drain (well-educated and skilled people) | 2.2 | 57 | ||||||||
| does not hinder competitiveness in your economy (Survey) | ||||||||||
| Large corporations | 5.0 | 56 | ||||||||
| are efficient by international standards (Survey) | ||||||||||
| INFRASTRUCTURE | WCY 2012 | |||||||||
| STRENGTHS | Value | Rank | ||||||||
| Mobile telephone subscribers | 1662.6 | 2 | ||||||||
| Number of subscribers per 1000 inhabitants | ||||||||||
| Secondary school enrollment (%) | 98.8 | 2 | ||||||||
| Percentage of relevant age group receiving full-time education | ||||||||||
| Electricity costs for industrial clients | 0.1 | 4 | ||||||||
| US$ per kwh | ||||||||||
| Fixed broadband tariffs | 9.8 | 5 | ||||||||
| Monthly fee (residential), US$ | ||||||||||
| Mobile telephone costs | 0.1 | 5 | ||||||||
| Prepaid Mobile cellular tariffs – US$ per minute local call, off-net (peak) | ||||||||||
| Pupil-teacher ratio (secondary education) | 8.5 | 5 | ||||||||
| Ratio of students to teaching staff | ||||||||||
| Medical assistance | 0.5 | 10 | ||||||||
| Number of inhabitants per physician and per nurse | ||||||||||
| Fixed telephone tariffs | 0.0 | 16 | ||||||||
| US$ per 3 minutes local call (peak) | ||||||||||
| Total R&D personnel nationwide per capita | 5.9 | 19 | ||||||||
| Full-time work equivalent (FTE) per 1000 people | ||||||||||
| Number of patents in force | 127.8 | 23 | ||||||||
| Per 100,000 inhabitants | ||||||||||
| WEAKNESSES | ||||||||||
| Dependency ratio | 62.3 | 59 | ||||||||
| Population under 15 and over 64 years old, divided by active population (15 to 64 years) | ||||||||||
| Renewable technologies (solar energy, wind turbines, etc.) | 1.3 | 58 | ||||||||
| are quickly turned into competitive advantages (Survey) | ||||||||||
| Innovative capacity of firms (to generate new products, processes and/or services) is | 3.2 | 58 | ||||||||
| high in your economy (Survey) | ||||||||||
| Health problems (sicknesses, AIDS, alcohol, drug abuse, etc.) | 3.6 | 57 | ||||||||
| do not have a significant impact on companies (Survey) | ||||||||||
| Energy intensity | 16698.1 | 56 | ||||||||
| Commercial energy consumed for each dollar of GDP in kilojoules | ||||||||||
| Cyber security | 4.2 | 56 | ||||||||
| is being adequately addressed by corporations (Survey) | ||||||||||
| Development and application of technology are | 4.5 | 56 | ||||||||
| supported by the legal environment (Survey) | ||||||||||
| Intellectual property rights | 3.6 | 56 | ||||||||
| are adequately enforced (Survey) | ||||||||||
| Total public expenditure on education (%) | 2.8 | 55 | ||||||||
| Percentage of GDP | ||||||||||
| Quality of air transportation | 4.3 | 55 | ||||||||
| encourages business development (Survey) | ||||||||||
| © IMD WORLD COMPETITIVENESS ONLINE 1995-2012 | ||||||||||
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ek_21 at Однажды в России...
"Однажды в России я слышал — на заводе играли Моцарта. Я об этом написал. И получил двести ругательных писем. Меня не возмущают те, кому больше по вкусу кабацкая музыка. Другой они и не знают. Меня возмущает содержатель кабака. Не выношу, когда уродуют людей…".
"…в вагонах третьего класса ютились сотни рабочих-поляков, их выслали из Франции, и они возвращались на родину. …Сажусь напротив спящей семьи. Между отцом и матерью кое-как примостился малыш. Но вот он поворачивается во сне, и при свете ночника я вижу его лицо. Какое лицо! От этих двоих родился на свет чудесный золотой плод. Эти бесформенные, тяжелые кули породили чудо изящества и обаяния. Я смотрел на гладкий лоб, на пухлые нежные губы и думал: вот лицо музыканта, вот маленький Моцарт, он весь — обещание! Он совсем как маленький принц из сказки, ему бы расти, согретому неусыпной разумной заботой, и он бы оправдал самые смелые надежды!
Когда в саду, после долгих поисков, выведут наконец новую розу, все садовники приходят в волнение. Розу отделяют от других, о ней неусыпно заботятся, холят её и лелеют. Но люди растут без садовника. Маленький Моцарт, как и все, попадет под тот же чудовищный пресс. И станет наслаждаться гнусной музыкой низкопробных кабаков. Моцарт обречен.
Я говорил себе: эти люди не страдают от своей судьбы. И не сострадание меня мучит. Не в том дело, чтобы проливать слёзы над вечно не заживающей язвой. Те, кто ею поражен, её не чувствуют. Язва поразила не отдельного человека, она разъедает человечество. И не верю я в жалость. Меня мучит забота садовника. Меня мучит не вид нищеты — в конце концов люди свыкаются с нищетой, как свыкаются с бездельем. На Востоке многие поколения живут в грязи и отнюдь не чувствуют себя несчастными. Того, что меня мучит, не излечить бесплатным супом для бедняков. Мучительно не уродство этой бесформенной, измятой человеческой глины. Но в каждом из этих людей, быть может, убит Моцарт.
Один лишь Дух, коснувшись глины, творит из неё Человека".
(А. Сент-Экзюпери "Планета людей")
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timeasmymeasure
